A concussion is defined as a complex brain injury caused by traumatic forces to the head. The hallmark signs and symptoms of a concussion include, but are not limited to: headache, confusion/disorientation, dizziness/lack of balance, and visual disturbances. When an athlete suffers from a concussion, a series of chemical reactions occur in the brain leading to a “metabolic crisis”. During this metabolic crisis, calcium floods the cells and potassium leaves the cells. This causes your cells to work overtime to produce energy to fuel your body. This is a probable cause for increased risk of brain injury after sustaining a concussion, which could potentially lead to a life threatening event: second-impact syndrome.
Second-impact syndrome occurs when an athlete sustains a second blow to the head before the brain is healed from an initial concussion. Though second-impact syndrome is rare, it is typically a fatal condition. Following the metabolic crisis from the initial concussion, the brain loses its ability to regulate its internal pressure. Second-impact syndrome is characterized by widespread swelling of the brain because of this lack of pressure regulation. There is still debate over the incidence of second-impact syndrome, but many researchers would agree that it is rare. However, it is still crucial for athletic trainers and other health care professionals alike to educate coaches, athletes, and parents about the risks associated with mild traumatic brain injuries and concussions in order to prevent such events from occurring.
As an athletic trainer, I encourage you to educate yourself on concussion and second-impact syndrome, as we are continuously being introduced to new research.
Preston Plevretes is an athlete who survived second-impact syndrome. Listening to his story may open your eyes to the importance of proper concussion management, treatment, and rehabilitation.
You can find his story here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4foY1EtmKo
ITG Web Content
Concussion and Second Impact Syndrome
Written by Megan Burke
Photo by joionline,net
